Suchergebnisse

Šī maģistra darba tēma tika izvēlēta ņemot vērā Eiropas Komisijas izvirzīto mērķi ieviest e-iepirkumuvisās dalībvalstīs līdz 2016.gadam. E-iepirkums ļauj dalībvalstīm ietaupīt 5-40% no sākotnēji plānotās līgumcenas, kā arī nodrošina konkurences politikas ievērošanu. Latvijā 9 gadus darbojas e-iepirkuma elements e-katalogs, un ar 2014.gada 1.janvāri darbojas e-izziņu sistēma, tomēr apkopotasinformācijas par visu e-iepirkuma sistēmas elementu izstrādi un novērtējumu par pašas sitēmas ieviešanas procesu trūkst. Maģistra darba mērķis ir novērtēt e-iepirkumu sistēmas ieviešanas iespējamību Latvijā līdz 2016.gadam. Maģistra darba izstrādes ietvaros tika pētīta normatīvo aktu bāze, e-iepirkuma elementi (e-katalogs, e-izsole, e-konkurss, e-izziņas, e-paraksts, e-rēķini, e-sertifikāti), to ieviešanas attīstība Latvijā, tika noteikti galvenie šķēršļi e-iepirkuma ieviešanā un izstrādāti priekšlikumi šo šķēršļu novēršanai. Darbā izvirzītā hipotēze, ka "Ņemot vērā Eiropas Komisijas gauso nepieciešamo normatīvo aktu sagatavošanu un Latvijas atbildīgo institūciju darbu, ieviest e-iepirkumu Latvijā līdz plānotajam termiņam 2016.gada 30.jūnijam nebūs iespējams" apstiprinās. Atslēgvārdi: e-iepirkums, e-konkurss, e-izsole, e-izziņas. ; The theme of this diploma is selected becouse of European Commission aim to implement e-procurement in all member states till year 2016. E-procurement will let member states to save 5-40% of original planned contract amount, as well it will provide competition policy. Already for 9 years e-procurement element e-catalogueis working and since 1 January 2014 the element e-reference is working, although the summarized information on e-procurement elements implementation and evaluation is very limited. The aim of this diploma is to evaluate e-procurement implementation possibilities in Latvia till year 2016.For development of this diploma, there have been researched regulations, e-procurement elements (e-catalogue, e-auction, e-competition, e-signature, e-bill, e-sertificates), their development in Latvia, named main milestones in process of implementation and found solutions to solve the milestones. The hypothesis of this diploma "Because of slow work in regulations development of European Commission and responsible institution of Latvia, the development of e-procurement in Latvia till expected term, year 2016, will not be possible" have been aproved. Key words– e-procurement, e-competition, e-auction, e-reference.

In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Weiterbildungspolitik in Lettland seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre betrachtet. Die Verfasserin geht der Frage nach, welche Strukturen, institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, Akteure und Akteurkonstellationen sich im lettischen Weiterbildungssystem herausgebildet haben. Des Weiteren wird aufgezeigt, welche Instrumente und Ressourcen den Akteuren zur Steuerung des Weiterbildungssystems zur Verfügung stehen und in wie weit man von einer gezielten Weiterbildungs-Governance sprechen kann. (ICE2)

In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung der Weiterbildungspolitik in Lettland seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre betrachtet. Die Verfasserin geht der Frage nach, welche Strukturen, institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen, Akteure und Akteurkonstellationen sich im lettischen Weiterbildungssystem herausgebildet haben. Des Weiteren wird aufgezeigt, welche Instrumente und Ressourcen den Akteuren zur Steuerung des Weiterbildungssystems zur Verfügung stehen und in wie weit man von einer gezielten Weiterbildungs-Governance sprechen kann. (ICE2).

This is the final draft, after peer-review, of a manuscript published in Language Policy. The published version is available online at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10993-004-6567-1 ; This report presents findings from the PPELE study of English language instruction in classrooms in five countries and discusses how those findings relate to stated governmental policies on language and education. Data from classroom lessons and teacher rationale statements show that teachers are aware of policy initiatives related to language education and to the potential longer-term needs of students for English. However, teachers focus on immediate classroom priorities that influence daily lessons and give emphasis to student learning. These findings support a multidirectional interpretation of language policy – derived not only out of structural priorities and classroom priorities, but also influenced by the social and personal dimensions of classroom teaching and by of teachers' goals and beliefs.

Intensive analysis of subjects' individual perceptions of an experimental task was conducted in distinctly different contexts of testing. Independent sets of subjects were tested individually in a rapport-inducing context (defined as collaborative) and a traditional context of research engagement (defined as contractual). Collaborative subjects were either known before hand or not known beforehand by the experimenter who tested them. The task was a difficult problem-solving one that allowed subjects to manifest their changing perceptions of the test situation over time. Results indicated marked within-subject variability and intergroup variation in subjects' attitudes to the experimenter and his test procedures. Data highlighted, in particular, the error of typing subjects in terms of well-defined roles or collections of social attitudes. The pattern of interplay between subject and experimenter was multidimensional and suggested the need to redefine the application of the concept of role to the social psychology of the psychological experiment.

In order to be able to correct the asocial behaviour of adolescents, several factors that can have POSITIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE FAMILY an effect on the issue must be understood, these being biological, social, and psychological, as well as understanding the context of the situation itself. Various methods were used to research valuable adolescent family environments, including the questionnaire entitled Positive and Destructive Family, which was developed by Russian authors (Опросник "Конструктивно-деструктивная семья" (КДС), Эйдемиллер, Юстицкис). Since this methodology was not available to researchers in Latvian, the first step to be taken was to adapt this method to the cultural environment of Latvia. (The author's consent has been received for the use of the questionnaire in scientific work.) The adaptation of the method allows the following steps to be implemented (Hambleton & Patsula, 1998; 1999; 2000; Van de Vijver & Hambleton, 1996): the translation and backward translation of questionnaire observing the context of the cultural environment; empirical verification of the translated questionnaire, thereby establishing its reliability and validity in accordance with the psychometric indicators used to provide a validity check on the factors illustrated in the source survey; the administration of the survey in the new cultural environment; documentation showing the adaptation of the questionnaire and the development of the interpretation of the survey's values. To date, only some of the aforementioned steps have been implemented and presented. Respondents from sixty families participated in the survey (all of whom were aged in group of 31-68, and who included 42 women and eighteen men). The survey consists of twenty statements to which respondents will reply either positively or negatively (this being the dichotomy scale). Further tasks are related to the complete adaptation and application there of in population surveys in Latvia. Another method for family study that has been adapted in Latvia provides more extensive opportunity for further empirical studies, and will also provide a useful set of instruments for practitioners in psychology.
Key words: adolescent deviance, dysfunctional family, questionnaire adaptation.

There is an international consensus, expressed in the Convention on Biological Diversity, World Summit on Sustainable Development, and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, that biodiversity at all levels – genetic, species and ecosystem – have a critical role in sustaining livelihoods and human development. They underpin and make possible all forms of economic activity. Damage to components of biodiversity have economic consequences, the impacts of which fall most heavily on the poor. In few contexts is this as clear as in the case of mangrove ecosystems and their dependent human populations. Mangroves support livelihoods in providing habitat for food species, timber for dwellings, cooking and heat, and many other subsistence and commercial activities. Mangroves also provide protection of the coastline from erosion and storm surges. The roles of mangroves are now being realised, but only as the general trend for this valuable habitat is decline. The first global attempt to document the status of the mangrove resource, the World Mangrove Atlas, was published in 1997 by the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), financed by ITTO and in partnership with UNEP-WCMC. The information for Africa was updated by UNEP-WCMC in the publication Mangroves of East Africa (2003). This report provides a profile for the 19 countries of the region from Mauritania south to Angola. It presents new information on the distribution of these habitats and highlights the importance of mangroves of west and central Africa in the regional and global context. It serves to illustrate the benefits human communities derive from the wide range of goods and services provided by mangroves, which are valued at up to US$ 900 000 per year. The region is in a time of rapid change, with many challenges and opportunities, some of the highest levels of poverty in the world, a population aspiring for change, and strong interest from extractive industries in the region. Policy-makers have some difficult choices ahead as to how to manage their natural resources. It is vital that they can be provided with the most up-to-date information available. It is hoped that this publication can contribute to fulfilling their information needs for considering the future management of mangrove ecosystems in the region. Although there is considerable work being undertaken to research this habitat at the national, regional and global levels, there are still significant gaps in information, and a need for continued efforts to improve assessment of West and Central African mangrove habitats. The data produced and presented here represents the best data available today. For this reason, it is critical that it is accessible by stakeholders in the region, and can contribute to informing decisions regarding the use of mangrove ecosystems. The report will be made available as a printed report, online as a pdf and will also be made available as a contribution to the revised World Atlas of Mangroves, being undertaken by a partnership between ISME, ITTO, FAO, UNEP-WCMC, UNUINWEH and UNESCO-MAB. UNEP-WCMC spatial data ; Government of Ireland, the Government of Belgium, WWF, the global conservation organization ; Published ; ecosystem assessment ; biodiversity ; habitats ; livelihoods

The support from M -ERANET project "MyND" is acknowledged. K.K. was partially supported by the Collaborative Research Project of Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology . Visiting researcher support from Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau is appreciated. Mr. Olivier Cavani is thanked for the expert help with irradiations. ; Point defects in crystalline SiO2, created by 2.5 MeV electron irradiation at dose below the amorphization threshold or by fast neutrons, were compared by luminescence spectroscopy. Oxygen dangling bonds ("non-bridging oxygen hole centers", NBOHCs), peculiar to amorphous state of SiO2, were detected for the first time in electron-irradiated non-amorphized α-quartz crystal. Their presence may signal the formation of nucleation centers in crystal structure as the first step to radiation-induced amorphization. Compared to crystal, irradiated by 1019 cm−2 fast neutrons, their concentration was over 100 times lower, and their inhomogeneous broadening was at least 2.5 times smaller. Divalent silicons ("silicon oxygen deficiency centers", SiODC(II)), inherent to oxygen-deficient or irradiated SiO2 glass, were detected in neutron-irradiated (1019 n/cm2) α-quartz but were not found after the electron irradiation. Radiation-induced interstitial O2 molecules, characteristic to irradiated glassy SiO2 and other oxide glasses, are found in α-quartz only after neutron irradiation. The oxygen atoms, displaced by the 2.5 MeV e− irradiation of α-quartz for fluences up to 1019 e−/cm2 evidently stays entirely in the peroxy linkage (Si-O-O-Si bond) form. ; M -ERANET; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²